Ganglion cyst

A lump near a joint or tendon

A ganglion cyst is a pocket of thick fluid connected to a joint or tendon sheath. It can appear on the back of the wrist, the palm side of the wrist, or near a finger. Its size may change with time and activity. A cyst can feel firm despite containing fluid.

An unexplained lump deserves an examination to establish what it is. A ganglion is benign, but other conditions can also produce a hand or wrist mass. The location, texture, and relationship to movement help guide the assessment. A small cyst beneath the surface can cause pain even when a lump is difficult to see.

Pain and changes in size

A ganglion can cause discomfort when pressure is placed over it or when the nearby joint moves. A cyst on the back of the wrist may hurt during a push-up or when rising from a chair using the hands. A cyst near a finger tendon can be tender when gripping an object.

Changes in the lump are useful to document. Record when it first appeared, whether it becomes larger with activity, and whether it affects movement or sensation. A photograph can help show a swelling that changes before your appointment. Rapid growth, skin changes, or persistent pain should prompt assessment so that the cause and the appropriate next step can be established.

Examination and imaging

The examination checks the lump, the surrounding joint, and nearby tendons, nerves, and blood vessels. A clinician may use light to assess whether a superficial lump transmits light in a way consistent with a fluid-filled cyst. This finding contributes to the assessment alongside the location and feel of the mass.

Ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging may help when the diagnosis is unclear or the cyst lies beneath the surface. X-rays can identify associated joint or bone changes. Testing is selected according to the findings. Tell the clinician about prior injuries, surgery, and any earlier aspiration because these details can affect both the diagnosis and the treatment discussion.

Observation and symptom relief

Observation is an option when the diagnosis is established and the cyst causes little difficulty. A ganglion can fluctuate or settle on its own. A removable wrist support and changes to painful activities may help when symptoms come from loading the wrist. The fit and wearing schedule should preserve comfortable use of the hand.

Protect the cyst from direct blows and attempts to puncture it at home. Nearby structures can be injured, and a skin opening can introduce infection. If the lump changes or symptoms begin to affect work and daily activities, arrange reassessment. The aim of treatment is to address pain or functional difficulty in a way that fits the cyst's location.

Aspiration and surgical removal

Aspiration removes fluid through a needle and may be considered for a suitable cyst. The connection to the joint or tendon sheath remains, so the cyst can return. A cyst on the palm side of the wrist requires particular care because an artery can lie close to it. The clinician assesses whether aspiration is appropriate.

Surgery removes the cyst and addresses its attachment. It may be discussed when pain persists, function is limited, or a cyst returns after treatment. Risks include infection, a tender scar, stiffness, nerve or vessel injury, and recurrence. Ask how the location affects the operation and which activities will need to be limited during healing.

Recovery and reassessment

Recovery after removal includes wound care and a plan for restoring motion. A support may be used according to the cyst's location and the procedure. Follow the instructions for washing, lifting, and exercises. A hand therapist may help if stiffness or scar sensitivity affects progress with daily tasks.

Return to loading the wrist should follow the treating clinician's guidance. Work involving tools, lifting, or pressure through the palm may require temporary changes. Contact the team for increasing redness, drainage, fever, or new numbness after a procedure. If a lump returns, an examination can confirm the cause and help determine whether observation or additional treatment suits your current symptoms and goals.

Ask whether the mass is connected to a joint or a tendon sheath. Understanding that location can clarify why an activity hurts and which treatment approaches are suitable.